Why in the News?

The Karnataka Waqf Board has identified 17 monuments within the historic Bidar Fort as its own property.
- These include the 16-Khamba Mosque (Sixteen Pillar Mosque) and 14 tombs of Bahmani rulers and their family members, including Ahmed Shah-IV, Allauddin, Hassan Khan, and others.

About Bidar Fort:

It is situated in Bidar City on the northern plateau of Karnataka, India.
The fort’s history dates back over 500 years, beginning with the Western Chalukya dynasty.
Sultan Ahmed Shah Wali of the Bahmani dynasty made Bidar his capital in 1430 and renovated it into a strong citadel.
Architectural Features:
- Constructed from trap rock with stone and mortar used for walls.
- Notable for its Islamic and Persian architectural elements, including:
  - Seven main entrances
  - 37 octagonal bastions equipped with metal-shielded cannons
  - Mosques, mahals, and over 30 Islamic monuments
- The entrance gate features a lofty dome painted in bright colors.

The Bahmani Kingdom was established in 1347 when Ala-ud-din Hassan Bahman Shan revolted against Muhammad Bin Tughlaq of the Delhi Sultanate.
This marked the creation of the first independent Islamic kingdom in South India.
The kingdom covered areas in present-day Karnataka, Maharashtra, and Andhra Pradesh.
Initially, the capital was set in Ahsanabad (Gulbarga) but was later moved to Bidar.
The Bahmani Kingdom had 14 sultans in total, with prominent rulers like Alauddin Bahman Shah, Muhammad Shah I, and Firoz Shah.
One of the kingdom’s notable statesmen, Mahmud Gawan, served as the Prime Minister for 23 years, from 1458 to 1481.
- Under his guidance, the kingdom expanded its territories, including reclaiming Goa from the Vijayanagar Empire.
The Bahmani Kingdom began to decline around 1518 when Krishnadeva Raya of the Vijayanagar Empire defeated its last ruler, leading to the dissolution of the Bahmani rule in the region.

[2021] With reference to Indian history, which of the following statements is/are correct?

1. The Nizamat of Arcot emerged out of Hyderabad State.

2. The Mysore Kingdom emerged out of Vijayanangara Empire.

3. Rohilkhand Kingdom was formed out of the territories occupied by Ahmad Shah Durrani.

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

(a) 1 and 2 only

(b) 2 only

(d) 3 only