Why in the news?

An earthquake of magnitude 4.8 hit the New York City in a rare event.
The Ramapo Fault in Appalachian Mountains near New Jersey is a being considered as a reason behind this earthquake.

Appalachian Mountains

The Appalachian Mountains extend from the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador in the north to central Alabama in the southern US.
The total length of the Appalachian Mountain range is approximately 2,200 miles (3,500 kilometers), making it one of the longest mountain chains in the world.
Geologically, it is one of the oldest mountain ranges on Earth, formed over 480 million years ago during the Ordovician Period. They are considered a Paleozoic mountain range.
They were formed through a series of tectonic collisions and uplift events, including the assembly of the supercontinent Pangaea.
The highest peak in the range is Mount Mitchell in North Carolina, standing at an elevation of 6,684 feet (2,037 meters) above sea level.
The Appalachian Mountains hold cultural significance for various indigenous tribes, including the Cherokee, as well as early European settlers who established communities in the region.

Fault lines are fractures in the Earth’s crust that facilitate movement of tectonic plates, triggering earthquakes.
The Ramapo Fault is resulted from tectonic activity associated with the breakup of the supercontinent Pangaea during the Mesozoic Era.
It is primarily a right-lateral strike-slip fault, formed by horizontal movement along the fault line due to the ongoing motion between the North American and Eurasian plates.
While the Ramapo Fault is not as seismically active as faults in other regions, it has experienced earthquakes in the past and remains a potential source of seismic hazards.

The fault extends across three states in the northeastern United States: Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and New York.
The fault crosses various topographic features, including rift valleys, hills, and ridges, reflecting the diverse geological history of the region.
It intersects with the Appalachian Mountains, influencing the overall topography of the surrounding areas.

[2012] When you travel in Himalayas, you will see the following:

1. Deep gorges

2. U-turn river courses

3. Parallel mountain ranges

4. Steep gradients causing land-sliding

Which of the above can be said to be the evidences for Himalayas being young fold mountains?

(a) 1 and 2 only

(b) 1, 2 and 4 only

(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4