From UPSC perspective, the following things are important :
Prelims level: Key highlights of the conference
Mains level: India-Kenya Relations
Why in the News?
India has shown interest in partnering with Kenya to develop and expand Africa’s space capabilities for predicting and monitoring extreme weather events.
Kenya aims to be an active player in the global space economy, projected to grow significantly by 2035.
Conference Highlights and Recommendations
Conference Conclusion: Calls for more resources for sustainable space activities, including accurate weather and climate event monitoring.
Awareness and Innovations: The expo, themed ‘Space technology for societal benefits,’ aimed to raise awareness about space opportunities for societal benefits like climate change mitigation and socio-economic development.
Support for Private Sector: Experts recommended that African governments support private sector innovations for data commercialization and explore funding models to de-risk the space sector.
STEM Education: Emphasis on boosting national capabilities in space science, breaking entry barriers for women, and promoting STEM education.
India-Kenya Space Collaboration
The India-Kenya Space Collaboration particularly aims for:
Addressing Food Security: Space technology will be crucial for food security, providing accurate early warning systems for farmers and real-time monitoring for climate change mitigation.
Sustainable Development: Space technology integration offers enhanced data for informed decision-making, essential for Kenya’s sustainable development.
Regional Collaboration: Kenya is pursuing collaboration on peaceful uses of outer space with African countries such as South Africa, Angola, Rwanda, Uganda, Ethiopia, Sudan, Egypt, Algeria, Nigeria, and Ghana.
Capacity Development: Focus on developing indigenous capacity in space systems engineering and utilising space services for socio-economic development through joint projects.
Kenyan endeavours so far
Earth Observation Centre: Plans to establish a Centre for Earth Observation at the Luigi Broglio Malindi Space Centre.
International Training Centre: Partnership with the Italian Space Agency to establish a Training Centre for Space Education, enhancing national and regional capabilities.
Back2Basics: India-Kenya Relations
Historical Ties:
Early Connections: Trade between India and the Swahili Coast dates back to ancient times, as documented in the ‘Periplus of the Erythraean Sea’ (60 CE).
Colonial Era: Both nations share a legacy of struggle against colonialism, with Indian communities actively supporting Kenya’s freedom struggle.
Diplomatic Relations:
Establishment of Diplomatic Presence: India set up the office of Commissioner for British East Africa residents in Nairobi in 1948, and a High Commission was established following Kenya’s independence in 1963. An Assistant High Commission is also located in Mombasa.
High-Level Visits: Numerous high-level visits by Indian leaders, including Presidents and Prime Ministers, have strengthened bilateral ties.
Bilateral Trade:
Trade Agreement: The India-Kenya Trade Agreement signed in 1981 granted both nations Most Favoured Nation status.
Indian Exports to Kenya: Petroleum products, pharmaceuticals, steel products, machinery, yarn, vehicles, and power transmission equipment.
Kenyan Exports to India: Soda ash, vegetables, tea, leather, and metal scrap.
Investment: India is the second-largest investor in Kenya, with over 60 major Indian companies operating in sectors like manufacturing, real estate, pharmaceuticals, telecom, IT & ITES, banking, and agro-based industries.
Development Cooperation:
Development Assistance: India provides loans, credit, and developmental support to Kenya, including capacity-building initiatives such as scholarships for Kenyan students.
Agricultural Support: India aids in agrarian development by supplying machinery and facilitating technology transfer.
Healthcare Contributions: India is a key supplier of pharmaceuticals to Kenya and has supported healthcare initiatives, including donating 1.12 million doses of the Covishield vaccine in 2021.
Environmental Conservation: Cheetahs under the reintroduction project are also being brought from Kenya.
Cultural and Diaspora Links:
Indian Community: Indians have a long-standing presence in Kenya, contributing significantly to its society and economy.
Official recognition: In 2017, the Kenyan government recognized the Indian descent as the 44th tribe of the country.
International Cooperation:
Common Interests: Both nations share interests in various international forums, including the Commonwealth, Non-Aligned Movement, and Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA).
Regional Engagement: Kenya is an active member of the African Union, with which India has long-standing connections.
PYQ:
[2015] Increasing interest of India in Africa has its pro and cons. Critically Examine.
