From UPSC perspective, the following things are important :
Mains level: Importance of Balochistan for India;
Why in the News?
The recent protests are a significant part of Balochistan’s long history of political struggles. They highlight the difficulties Pakistan faces in creating a country based solely on religion.
Causes and Reasons for the Recent Protests in Balochistan:
Balochistan has a long history of resistance against central authority, dating back to the forced accession of the region to Pakistan in 1948.
- Political Discontentment: The continued centralization of power, lack of genuine federalism, and repeated dismissals of provincial governments have fueled discontent.
- Economic Neglect: Despite being rich in resources like copper, gold, coal, and natural gas, Balochistan remains one of the poorest regions in Pakistan. The benefits of resource exploitation have not trickled down to the local population, exacerbating feelings of economic injustice.
- Cultural and Ethnic Identity: Balochistan has a distinct cultural and historical identity, which has often clashed with the central government due to assimilation policies.
- Human Rights Violations: The region has seen widespread reports of enforced disappearances, custodial killings, and fake encounters as part of Pakistan’s counter-insurgency strategy.
China’s Role in the Region:
- Gwadar Port and Militarization Concerns: The Gwadar port, leased to a Chinese firm for 40 years, has raised fears of potential militarization, which could disrupt local livelihoods, especially those of the fishing communities.
- The presence of Chinese trawlers has also sparked protests due to concerns about illegal fishing.
- CPEC influence: The influx of non-locals into Balochistan for CPEC-related projects has led to fears of demographic changes, further alienating the local population.
Indian perspective:
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Way forward: (What should India do?)
- Diplomatic Advocacy: India should continue to highlight human rights issues in Balochistan at international forums, positioning itself as a defender of human rights while maintaining a balanced approach to avoid escalating tensions with Pakistan.
- Strategic Monitoring: India should closely monitor developments in Balochistan, particularly regarding Chinese activities in the Gwadar port, to safeguard its strategic interests and regional stability.
Mains PYQ:
Q The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is viewed as a cardinal subset of China’s larger ‘One Belt One Road’ initiative. Give a brief description of CPEC and enumerate the reasons why India has distanced itself from the same. (150 Words, 10 Marks) (UPSC IAS/2018)
Q ‘China is using its economic relations and positive trade surplus as tools to develop potential military power status in Asia’, In the light of this statement, discuss its impact on India as her neighbor. (UPSC CSE 2017)
Q China and Pakistan have entered into an agreement for development of an economic corridor. What threat does this pose for India’s security? Critically examine (UPSC CSE 2014)
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