Why in the News?

India’s indigenous cattle breed from Ongole is experiencing a sharp decline domestically, even as it has become one of the most prized and expensive cattle breeds in Brazil.

About Ongole Cows

• Ongole cattle, also known as Ongolu Gitta, are a native Indian breed originating from Prakasam District, Andhra Pradesh.
• This Bos indicus breed is historically renowned for its strength, resilience, and disease resistance.
• It has been widely used for draught power, milk production, and breeding programs.
• The breed has gained global prominence, especially in Brazil, where it forms the foundation of several superior cattle breeds used for beef production.
• Though declining in India, they thrive in Brazil, where they form 80% of the cattle population and are used extensively for beef production.
• LAM Farm, Guntur, is using IVF and embryo transfer for preservation.
  • Rashtriya Gokul Mission (RGM) supports indigenous cattle breeding.

Distinct Features of Ongole Cattle:

• Heat & Disease Resistance: Naturally adapted to high temperatures and immune to foot-and-mouth and mad cow disease.
• Strength & Draught Power: Historically used for ploughing, transport, and bull races.
• A2 Milk Production: Produces high-quality A2 milk, fetching ₹150+ per litre in premium markets.
• Global Demand & Genetic Superiority: Exported to Brazil, USA, Argentina, and Australia. Used to develop breeds like Brahmana (USA) and Santa Gertrudis (USA).
• Efficient Feed Conversion: Survives on minimal fodder, ideal for drought-prone regions.
• High Fertility & Longevity: Strong reproductive lifespan, producing robust calves.
• Cultural & Historical Importance:  Revered in Indian scriptures and associated with prosperity.

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