Why in the News?

In India, Ovarian Cancer ranks among top three cancers affecting women, accounting for 6.6% of all female cancer cases.

- In 2022, India alone reported 47,333 new ovarian cancer cases and 32,978 deaths, emphasizing the critical need for awareness, early detection, and effective treatment.

What is Ovarian Cancer?

	Details
About	Referred to as the “silent killer” due to its subtle symptoms like bloating, pelvic pain, loss of appetite, and frequent urination. Late diagnosis is common.
Common Symptoms	• Bloating • Pelvic/abdominal pain • Loss of appetite • Frequent urination • Indigestion, back pain, fatigue, and weight loss
Cancer Subtypes	• Type I tumours: Less common, early diagnosis, better prognosis • Type II tumours: More common, aggressive, diagnosed at advanced stages
Screening	• No effective screening tests available • CA125 blood test used post-diagnosis but not recommended for routine screening due to limited specificity
Genetic Risk Factors	• Linked to mutations in BRCA1/BRCA2 genes, increasing risk by up to 50% • Genetic testing aids in personalized risk management
Endometriosis	• Associated with a higher risk of certain ovarian cancers, though overall risk remains low
Lifestyle Factors	• Mixed evidence regarding talcum powder usage and its potential link to ovarian cancer • Hair products (dyes, straighteners) may increase risk, though further research is required
HRT & Genetic Counselling	• Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is linked to a higher risk of ovarian cancer • Genetic counselling helps at-risk individuals with preventive measures