• Born Chandra Shekhar Tiwari on 23 July 1906;
• Indian revolutionary leader of HSRA;
• Died 27 February 1931.

• From Bardarka, Uttar Pradesh;
• Joined Non-Cooperation Movement at 15;
• Famously declared his name as “Azad” when arrested.

• Joined Hindustan Republican Association (HRA), participated in Kakori Train Robbery, avenged Lala Lajpat Rai’s death;
• Reorganized HRA into Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA);
• Influenced by socialist literature.

Ensured companion’s escape; shot himself to avoid capture on 27 February 1931.

• Born Bal Gangadhar Tilak on 23rd July 1856 in Ratnagiri, Maharashtra;
• Died on 1st August 1920.

• Devout Hindu using scriptures to inspire resistance;
• Advocated for self-rule (Swarajya); famous slogan: “Swaraj is my birthright and I shall have it!”;
• Emphasized cultural and religious revival.
• Popularized Ganesh Chaturthi and Shiv Jayanti festivals.

• Early advocate for complete independence;
• Part of the Lal-Bal-Pal trio; joined Indian National Congress (INC) in 1890.

• Promoted swadeshi movements and boycott of foreign goods; co-led Indian Home Rule Movement (1916);
• Founded All India Home Rule League;
• Involved in Lucknow Pact (1916) for Hindu-Muslim unity.

• Edited weekly Kesari (Marathi) and Mahratta (English);
• Authored books “Gita Rahasya” and “Arctic Home of the Vedas.”

PYQ:

[2022] Who among the following is associated with ‘Songs from Prison’, a translation of ancient Indian religious lyrics in English?

(a) Bal Gangadhar Tilak

(b) Jawaharlal Nehru

(c) Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi

(d) Sarojini Naidu