From UPSC perspective, the following things are important :
Prelims level: National Coastal Mission Scheme (NCM)
Why in the News?
The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) has expanded the National Coastal Mission Scheme (NCM) to address the challenges posed by rising sea levels.
About National Coastal Mission Scheme (NCM)
- The NCM was launched in July 2014.
- It aims to address the climate change impact on coastal areas and ensure sustainable development of coastal regions.
- It is part of India’s National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC), focusing on sustainable development and climate resilience in coastal areas.
- Key Areas:
- Coastal protection
- Conservation of coastal ecosystems
- Development of sustainable livelihoods
- Enhancing climate resilience
- The MoEFCC, Government of India, is responsible for implementing the scheme.
Key Strategies
- Coastal Protection: Construction and maintenance of coastal protection infrastructure to prevent erosion and manage coastal disasters.
- Ecosystem Conservation: Conservation and restoration of mangroves, coral reefs, and other critical coastal ecosystems.
- Sustainable Livelihoods: Promotion of sustainable livelihoods for coastal communities through skill development and capacity building.
- Climate Resilience: Improving the resilience of coastal communities and infrastructure to climate change impacts.
Major Initiatives:
- Management Action Plan on Conservation of Mangroves and Coral Reefs
- Research & Development in Marine and Coastal ecosystem
- Sustainable Development of Beaches under Beach Environment & Aesthetic Management Service
- Capacity Building / Outreach Programme of Coastal States/UTs on conservation of marine and coastal ecosystem including beach cleaning drive.
PYQ:[2022] Explain the causes and effects of coastal erosion in India. What are the available coastal management techniques for combating the hazard? [2011] The 2004 Tsunami made people realize that mangroves can serve as a reliable safety hedge against coastal calamities. How do mangroves function as a safety hedge? (a) The mangrove swamps separate the human settlements from the sea by a wide zone in which people neither live nor venture out. (b) The mangroves provide both food and medicines which people are in need of after any natural disaster. (c) The mangrove trees are tall with dense canopies and serve as an excellent shelter during a cyclone or tsunami. (d) The mangrove trees do not get uprooted by storms and tides because of their extensive roots. |
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