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From UPSC perspective, the following things are important :
Prelims level: Various schemes mentioned
Why in the News?
The Ministry of Science and Technology, through its three key departments — Department of Science and Technology (DST), Department of Biotechnology (DBT), and Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (DSIR) — is implementing various schemes to bolster the Science, Technology, and Innovation (STI) ecosystem across India.
Schemes Implemented Under the Department of Science and Technology (DST)
| Scheme | Objective | Key Components |
| Science and Technology (S&T) Institutional and Human Capacity Building (2015) | Enhance human resource development and institutional capacity in science and technology. | – Fellowships at various levels (undergraduate, postgraduate, doctoral, post-doctoral). – Establishment of sophisticated R&D facilities. – Capacity building for faculty. |
| Research and Development (R&D) (2009) | Support research in fundamental, applied, and translational sciences. | – Collaborative research with universities, government, and private sectors. – International research cooperation. – Focus on diverse sectors like health, energy, and IT. |
| Innovation, Technology Development, and Deployment (2016) | Foster innovation and facilitate the development of new technologies for national development. | – Technology incubation centers. – Technology transfer and commercialization. – Support for startups and entrepreneurs. |
| National Mission on Interdisciplinary Cyber Physical Systems (NM-ICPS) (2017) | Promote interdisciplinary research in Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) that integrate computational algorithms with physical processes. | – Development of CPS technologies (e.g., IoT, smart cities, advanced manufacturing). – Setting up innovation centers and testbeds for CPS. |
| National Quantum Mission (NQM) (2023) | Advance quantum technologies for solving national challenges in energy, communications, and security. | – Research in quantum computing, quantum communications, and quantum sensing. – Establishment of quantum technology hubs and research centers. |
Schemes Implemented Under the Department of Biotechnology (DBT)
| Scheme | Objective | Key Components |
| Biotechnology Research Innovation and Entrepreneurship Development (Bio-RIDE) (2017) | Foster innovation in biotechnology through research, industrial development, and entrepreneurship. | – Biotechnology R&D: Funding for research projects. – Industrial & Entrepreneurship Development (I&ED): Support for biotech startups and industrial innovations. – Biomanufacturing and Biofoundry: Development of manufacturing and biotechnological production systems. |
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