Historical and Archaeological Findings in News

Rakhigarhi findings to be mentioned in NCERT books

Note4Students

From UPSC perspective, the following things are important :

Prelims level: DNA Findings of Rakhigarhi, IVC

Mains level: NA

Why in the news?

The National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) has proposed to add information about the DNA analysis of skeletal remains found at Rakhigarhi.

DNA Findings of Rakhigarhi

Their key findings include-

  • Debunking of the Aryan Invasion Theory.
  • The genetic roots of the Harappans date back to 10,000 BCE.
  • DNA of the Harappans has continued to exist among the majority of the South Asian population.
  • The study indicates genetic continuity without large-scale immigration.
  • Ancestry was closely linked to Iranian ancestry and not at all to Steppe ancestry.
  • Farming skills have been developed indigenously contrary to prevalent theories that these came with migrants from the Steppes and Anatolian farmers.

About Rakhigarhi

  • The ancient site of Rakhi-Khas and Rakhi-Shahpur are collectively known as Rakhigarhi, located on the right bank of the now dried up Palaeo-channel of Drishadvati.
  • It is located in the Ghaggar-Hakra River plain in the Hissar district of Haryana.
  • Total seven mounds are located here.
  • The site has yielded various stages of Harappan culture and is by far one of the largest Harappan sites in India.
  • The site shows the sequential development of the Indus culture in the now dried-up Saraswati basin.

Major findings at Rakhigarhi

  • Findings confirm both early and mature Harappan phases and include 4,600-year-old human skeletons, fortification and bricks.
  • Digging so far reveals a well-planned city with 92 m wide roads, a bit wider than in Kalibangan.
  • The pottery is similar to Kalibangan and Banawali.
  • Pits surrounded by walls have been found, which are thought to be for sacrificial or some religious ceremonies.
  • There are brick-lined drains to handle sewage from the houses.
  • Terracotta statues, weights, bronze artefacts, comb, copper fish hooks, needles and terracotta seals have also been found.
  • A bronze vessel has been found which is decorated with gold and silver.
  • A granary belonging to the mature Harappan phase has been found here.
  • Fire altars structures were revealed in Rakhigarhi.

PYQ:

[2021] Which one of the following ancient towns is well-known for its elaborate system of water harvesting and management by building a series of dams and channelizing water into connected reservoirs?​

(a) Dholavira

(b) Kalibangan

(c) Rakhigarhi

(d) Ropar

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