The RBI has proposed to allow the linking of credit cards with the Unified Payments Interface (UPI).

Integrating Credit Cards to UPI

• The integration will first begin with the indigenous RuPay credit cards.
• Both the RuPay network and UPI are managed by the same organisation – the National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI).

What is UPI?

• UPI is an instant real-time payment system developed by National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) facilitating inter-bank transactions.
• The interface is regulated by the Reserve Bank of India and works by instantly transferring funds between two bank accounts on a mobile platform.

Why such move?

• The linkage of UPI and credit cards could possibly result in credit card usage zooming up in India given UPI’s widespread adoption.
• The integration also opens up avenues to build credit on UPI through credit cards in India, where in the last few years, a number of startups like Slice, Uni, One etc. have emerged.
• The move could also be a push to increase adoption by banking on UPI’s large user base.
• So far, UPI could only be linked to debit cards and bank accounts.
• This will provide additional convenience to the users and enhance the scope of digital payments.

What could be the hurdles?

• There are some regulatory areas that would have to be addressed before the linkage happens.
• For instance, it is not clear how the Merchant Discount Rate (MDR) will be applied to UPI transactions done through credit cards.
• UPI and RuPay attract zero-MDR, meaning that no charges are applied to these transactions, which is a key reason behind the prolific adoption of UPI both by users and merchants.
• The norm has faced pushback from the payments industry.
• It has argued that it limits the aggregators’ ability to invest in and maintain the financial infrastructure of the payment ecosystem that they have built.
• Applicability of zero-MDR on UPI could also be a reason why other card networks such as Visa and Mastercard may not have been onboarded to UPI for credit cards yet.

Note: MDR is a fee that a merchant is charged by their issuing bank for accepting payments from their customers via credit and debit cards.

What is the big picture?

• UPI has become the most inclusive mode of payment in India with over 26 crore unique users and five crore merchants on the platform.
• The progress of UPI in recent years has been unparalleled.
• Many other countries are engaged with us in adopting similar methods in their countries.
• In May, UPI processed 5.95 billion transactions worth over Rs 10 trillion, a record high since its launch in 2016.
• NPCI is looking to soon process a billion transactions a day.

Try this PYQ from CSP 2017:

Q.Which one of the following best describes the term “Merchant Discount Rate” sometimes seen in news?

 

(a) The incentive given by a bank to a merchant for accepting payments through debit cards pertaining to that bank

(b) The amount paid back by banks to their customers when they use debit cards for financial transactions for purchasing goods or services

(c) The charge to a merchant by a bank for accepting payments from his customers through the bank’s debit cards

(d) The incentive is given by the Government to merchants for promoting digital payments by their customers through Point of Sale (PoS) machines and debit cards

 

Post your answers here.

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