Note4Students
From UPSC perspective, the following things are important :
Prelims level: SNAP 10A
Mains level: Not Much
Central idea: The newscard is about the US government-sponsored System for Nuclear Auxiliary Power (SNAP) program, also known as SNAPSHOT for Space Nuclear Auxiliary Power Shot, and its SNAP-10A space nuclear reactor.
What is SNAP-10A?
| SNAP-10A | A nuclear reactor sent to space by the US in 1965 |
| SNAP program | A government-sponsored program for developing compact, lightweight, and reliable atomic devices for use in space, sea, and land |
| Objective | To produce at least 500 watts of electricity for a year or longer in Earth orbit |
| Components | Enriched uranium fuel with zirconium hydride as a moderator, and liquid sodium-potassium alloy as the coolant |
| Conversion | A thermoelectric converter was used to directly convert heat from the reactor into electricity |
| Payload | Weighed less than 431 kg, including the instruments and shielding, and was designed to be remotely started and operated in space |
| Launch | April 3, 1965, on an Atlas-Agena D rocket from Vandenberg Air Force Base and placed in a polar orbit |
| Operations | Achieved on-orbit criticality within six hours of startup and set to autonomous operation at full power after 200 hours of reactor operations |
| Contact loss | Contact was lost with SNAP-10A for about 40 hours on May 16, 1965, and the reactor’s reflectors ejected from the core, causing the core to shut down and bringing an end to the reactor’s operations |
| Test objectives | All test flight objectives were met, except the length of operation, which was just 43 days as opposed to the expected year or more |
| Significance | Only known nuclear reactor sent to space by the US, while Russia has sent several, including one that crashed and scattered radioactive debris over Canada in 1978 |
| Current status | Continues to be in Earth orbit, and NASA expects it to do so for 2,000 years or more |
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