Why in the news?

A study has revealed evidence for enhanced possibility of sub-surface water ice occurrence in the polar craters of the Moon, according to ISRO.

Water Ice on Moon: ISRO’s Findings 

• The research indicates that the amount of sub-surface ice within the first few meters is significantly greater, about 5-8x more, than that found on the lunar surface.
• Moreover, the study reveals that the Northern Polar region harbors twice as much water ice as the southern polar region.
• It highlights the necessity of drilling to access this ice for future missions and sustained human presence on the Moon.

Origin of Water Ice:

• The study validates the hypothesis that sub-surface water ice in lunar poles originated from out-gassing during volcanic activity in the Imbrian period.
• It suggests that Lunar Mare Volcanism and preferential impact cratering govern the distribution of water ice on the Moon.

Methodology:

• The research team utilized seven instruments aboard the NASA robotic spacecraft Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO), including radar, laser, optical, neutron spectrometer, ultra-violet spectrometer, and thermal radiometer. LRO hovers over Lunar South Pole.
• These instruments provided crucial data to understand the origin and distribution of water ice on the lunar surface.

Significance of the findings

• Accurate knowledge of water ice distribution and depth is vital for identifying suitable landing and sampling sites for future lunar missions.
• The study supports ISRO’s future plans for in-situ volatile exploration on the Moon, aligning with its broader lunar exploration objectives.

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