The article discusses the three dimensions of food security-1)Availability 2)Acces 3) Absorption. The first two are also dependent on job security. All these are now being threatened by the pandemic. Ways to safeguard food security along with its 3 dimensions are suggested at the end of the article.

1. Availability of food in the market

• The first is the availability of food in the market, and this is seen as a function of production.
• Fortunately, thanks to the Green Revolution, today we have enough food in the market and in government godowns.
• This is a great accomplishment by Indian farmers who converted a “ship to mouth” situation to a “right to food” commitment.
• Yet we cannot take farmers’ contributions in terms of sustaining production for granted.
• Some special exemptions have been given to the agricultural sector, farmers are confronted at the moment with labour shortages.
• But many of the inputs, including seeds, are expensive or unavailable, marketing arrangements including supply chains are not fully functional, pricing is not remunerative, and public procurement is also not adequate.
• There is no room for complacency, as in the absence of demand, the lack of storage or value addition facilities, especially for perishable commodities, we do not yet know exactly what the impact of the current pandemic will be on the kharif sowing and food availability in the future.

2. Access to food

• The second dimension is the access to food, which is a function of purchasing power, as unless you are a farmer and grow your own food, others have to buy it.
• Fortunately, the government, through the National Food Security Act (NFSA) and the PDS, has assured some additional food to every individual during this crisis.
• Strengthening the food basket: This should be further strengthened and the food basket widened by including millets, pulses and oil.
• Hidden hunger: Steps should also be taken to avoid hidden hunger caused by the deficiency of micronutrients in the diet.
• In light of the closure of schools and anganwadi centres, and the consequent disruptions in the provision of midday meals or other nutritional inputs, it is important to pay attention to the life cycle approach advocated in the NFSA, particularly the first thousand days in a child’s life, when the cognitive abilities of the child are shaped.
• We may otherwise see negative effects on nutritional security in the medium to longer term.

After reading the article you’ll be able to answer the question such as this one- “In the ongoing crisis, maintaining the level of food security has become one of the most essential need. In light of the above statement, critically examine the priority areas for maintaining food security in the country. Suggest measures to make accessibility and availability of food easier for all.”

Job security to ensure food security and access to food

• Food security and access to nutritious, good quality food is also contingent on job security.
• Today, a lot of people employed both on farms and in the non-farm sector are without jobs.
• If job security is threatened, then so is food and nutrition security.
• We have to ensure people do not lose their jobs, and one way of doing this will be to ensure value addition to primary products.
• One example of such value addition is the Rice Biopark in Myanmar, wherein the straw, bran, and the entire biomass are utilised.
• This would mean some attention to and investment in new technologies that can contribute to biomass utilisation.
• The Amul model provides a good example from the dairy sector of improved incomes to milk producers through value addition.
• Similar attention needs to be given to the horticulture sector on a priority basis.
• Women farmers are at the forefront of horticulture and special attention needs to be given to both their technological and economic empowerment during this crisis.
• A second pathway to livelihood security is strengthening the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA).
• Need to cover skilled work: Given the lack of jobs and incomes during the COVID-19 crisis, it is imperative to expand the definition of work in MGNREGA to cover skilled work related to farmers and their farming activities.
• This is particularly important for women farmers and workers, who should not just be given tasks of carrying stones or digging mud.
• Apart from farming, they engage in a range of essential care tasks, including caring for children, the elderly and sick people.
• These tasks, often invisible, need to be recognised as work and supported with appropriate education, including on nutrition.

3. Absorption of food in the body and its utilisation

• The third dimension of food security is the absorption of food in the body or its utilisation.
• Absorption and utilisation of food is dependent importantly on sanitation, drinking water and other non-food factors, including public health services.
• Ensuring that these services are functional depends on the capacities of the local panchayats and their coordination with other local bodies.
• The lack of adequate clean water, in particular, has come to the fore in both rural areas and urban slums in the context of COVID-19, where one of the key measures for stopping transmission relates to frequent hand-washing.

Food security threatened by pandemic

• If we can ensure food availability, food access and food absorption, then we have a fairly robust system of food and nutrition security.
• All the above dimensions are, however, now threatened by the novel coronavirus, as discussed earlier.
• It is very critical to highlight the linkages between agriculture, nutrition and health.
• The inability to harvest, transport and market perishable fruits and vegetables at remunerative prices during the current crisis has deprived farmers of incomes and livelihoods.
• It has also deprived consumers of micronutrients in their diets.
• Farmers making losses, and agriculture moving from being job-led to jobless, raise questions about the sustainability of the production cycle.
• At the same time, this can have long-term consequences on nutrition and health security.

A question based on the dimension of the food security can be asked by the UPSC for ex- “Food security involved the security of food in all three dimensions, availability of food, access to food and absorption of food. How far the food security act is effective in ensuring security in all three dimensions?”

Conclusion

India avoided what could have been a big famine in the 1960s through the help of technology and public policy, which actively worked with and supported farmers to achieve significant increases in yield. Through a combination of farmers’ cooperation, technological upgrading and favourable public policies in procurement, pricing and distribution, we can deal with the fallouts of the pandemic.

Get an IAS/IPS ranker as your 1: 1 personal mentor for UPSC 2024

Attend Now