Note4Students
From UPSC perspective, the following things are important :
Prelims level: Types of Majority Votes
Mains level: Not Much
Central Idea
- In a very rare event, the Parliament passed the women’s reservation bill with a near-unanimous 2/3rd Majority Votes.
- Rajya Sabha gave the green light in an absolute majority vote.
- In Lok Sabha, 454 members voted in favour of the bill that seeks to reserve one-third of seats to women in central and state legislatures.
Types of Majority in Indian Parliament
Description | Examples of Use | |
Absolute Majority | More than 50% of the total membership of the house. | Formation of government at the Center and States. |
Effective Majority | More than 50% of the effective strength of the house (total strength minus vacancies). | Removal of Vice-president in RS, Speaker/Deputy Speaker removal. |
Simple Majority | More than 50% of the members present and voting. | Passing Ordinary/Money/Financial bills, Confidence Motion, etc. |
Special Majority | All majorities other than absolute, effective, or simple majority. | Constitutional amendment bills, National emergency approval, etc. |
Types of Special Majority in Parliament |
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Article 249 | 2/3rd members present and voting. | Empowering Parliament to make laws in the state list. |
Article 368 | 2/3rd members present and voting + more than 50% of the total strength of the house. | Constitutional amendment bills not affecting federalism. |
Article 368 + State Ratification | 2/3rd members present and voting + more than 50% of state legislatures by a simple majority. | Constitutional amendment bills affecting federalism. |
Article 61 | 2/3rd members of the total strength of the house. | Impeachment of the Indian President. |
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