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What are Synthetic Medical Images?

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From UPSC perspective, the following things are important :

Prelims level: Synthetic Medical Images, GANs

Synthetic medical images are AI-generated images created without using traditional imaging devices like MRI, CT scans, or X-rays.

Why in the News?

As we consider how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming various fields, one emerging area is the use of synthetic medical images in healthcare.

What are Synthetic Medical Images?

  • Synthetic medical images are AI-generated images created without using traditional imaging devices like MRI, CT scans, or X-rays.
  • These images are constructed using mathematical models or AI techniques, such as generative adversarial networks (GANs), diffusion models, and autoencoders.

Advantages offered

  • Intra- and Inter-Modality Translation: Generate images from the same or different types of scans, helping when certain scans are unavailable.
  • Privacy Protection: Created without patient data, reducing privacy concerns and easing data sharing for research.
  • Cost and Time Efficiency: Synthetic images are quicker and cheaper to generate compared to real medical scans.
  • Scalability: Easier to produce large volumes of medical data for AI training and research.

Challenges posed

  • Potential for Misuse: Could be used to create medical deepfakes, leading to fraudulent claims or fake clinical findings.
  • Lack of Real-World Complexity: May not capture subtle details found in real medical data, potentially lowering diagnostic accuracy.
  • Truth Erosion: Relying too heavily on synthetic data may distort AI models, leading to diagnoses that don’t align with real-world cases.
  • Ethical and Regulatory Concerns: Questions around how these images should be controlled and monitored to avoid misuse.

PYQ:

[2020] With the present state of development, Artificial Intelligence can effectively do which of the following?

  1. Bring down electricity consumption in industrial units
  2. Create meaningful short stories and songs
  3. Disease diagnosis
  4. Text-to-Speech Conversion
  5. Wireless transmission of electrical energy

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

(a) 1, 2, 3 and 5 only

(b) 1, 3 and 4 only

(c) 2, 4 and 5 only

(d) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5

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