Zoonotic Diseases: Medical Sciences Involved & Preventive Measures

What is Hantavirus and how does it spread?

Note4Students

From UPSC perspective, the following things are important :

Prelims level: Hantavirus

Why in the News?

Betsy Arakawa, wife of Oscar-winning actor Gene Hackman, died from a respiratory illness linked to hantavirus, a rare disease transmitted by infected rodents, officials have confirmed.

What is Hantavirus?

  • Hantavirus is a family of viruses carried by rodents that cause severe illnesses in humans. The two primary diseases it causes are:
  1. Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) – A fatal respiratory illness common in the Americas.
  2. Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS) – Affects the kidneys and causes internal bleeding, mostly found in Asia and Europe.
  • Hantavirus spreads through contact with infected rodent waste, primarily via:
    • Inhalation (Aerosolization) – Breathing in airborne particles from rodent urine, droppings, or saliva.
    • Direct Contact – Touching contaminated surfaces and then touching the eyes, nose, or mouth.
    • Open Wounds – Virus entering through cuts or scratches.
    • Rodent Bites (Rare).
    • Human-to-Human Transmission – Extremely rare, except for Andes virus in South America.

Is there a Cure or Treatment?

  • No specific antiviral treatment or vaccine exists.
  • Medical care focuses on symptom management:
    • Oxygen therapy for breathing difficulties.
    • ICU support & mechanical ventilation in severe cases.
  • Early detection is crucial – Seek medical help immediately after potential rodent exposure.

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