Central idea
The article explores the decline in women’s labor force participation rates, particularly among married women in India, emphasizing its economic implications. It discusses key challenges, including societal norms and limited educational opportunities, while highlighting government schemes and proposing solutions for enhancing women’s participation in the labor market.
Relevant Data from the Article:
- World Bank estimates (2022) indicate a global female LFPR of 47.3%, with India experiencing a decline from 28% to 24% between 1990 and 2022.
- Economist Goldin’s analysis reveals a U-shaped pattern in women’s LFPR during economic growth, influenced by factors like income and substitution effects.
- The article emphasizes the pronounced decline (5%) in female LFPR among married women aged 25 to 49 in India from 2004-05 to 2022-23.
Present Status:
- Married women exhibit a significant decrease in LFPR after marriage due to factors such as limited educational attainment, increased family obligations, and societal disapproval of women in the workforce.
- Data analysis from India’s NSSO Periodic Labour Force Survey indicates a substantial drop in LFPR among married women, especially in the age group of 25-29.
Key Challenges:
- Marital status significantly influences women’s labor market outcomes, with married women showing lower LFPR compared to unmarried counterparts.
- Educational achievement plays a role, with less-educated women displaying a higher inclination to participate in the labor force after marriage.
Government Schemes and Initiatives:
- The National Creche Scheme for The Children of Working Mothers is cited as a government initiative to support women’s labor force participation.
- The article stresses the need for enhancing the quality and accessibility of day-care services to act as an incentive for employed women, especially married women.
Way Forward:
- Solutions proposed include improving day-care services and crèches across various socio-economic strata in both the public and private sectors.
- Work settings prioritizing women’s needs, secure transportation options, and the expansion of part-time job possibilities are suggested to enhance women’s participation in the labor market.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, the article underscores the economic impact of the decline in married women’s LFPR in India and advocates for targeted initiatives to promote women’s empowerment. It emphasizes the need for comprehensive solutions, including improved day-care services, supportive work environments, and part-time job opportunities, to address the challenges hindering women’s participation in the labor market.
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