Why in the News?

World Wildlife Conservation Day (December 4) reminds us to focus on preserving and protecting the critically endangered species in India and globally.
- The theme for this year is “Connecting People and Planet: Exploring Digital Innovation in Wildlife Conservation”.

World Wildlife Conservation Day: Key Facts

Observed annually on December 4th.
Purpose: Raise awareness about the importance of wildlife conservation and the protection of endangered species and their habitats.
It was established in 2012 by the UN, coinciding with the anniversary of the 1948 signing of CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species).
It supports global efforts for wildlife conservation, aligns with SDG 15 (life on land) and SDG 14 (life below water).

- As of 2022, 73 species in India are classified as critically endangered, meaning they are at highest risk of extinction in the wild.
  - The number of critically endangered species has risen from 47 in 2011, partly due to better data availability and monitoring.

India has 9 critically endangered mammal species, out of which 8 are endemic (found only in specific regions within India).

- These include: Kashmir Stag (Hangul), Malabar Large-spotted Civet, Andaman Shrew, Jenkin’s Shrew, Nicobar Shrew, Namdapha Flying Squirrel, Large Rock Rat, and Leafletted Leaf-nosed Bat.
Though these animals receive significant attention for tourism purposes, they are only three of the critically endangered species in India.
- Lions: Asiatic lions in the Gir Forest are critically endangered.
- Tigers: Bengal tigers are also listed as critically endangered.
- Cheetahs: They are also part of India’s endangered wildlife.
Great Indian Bustard is a bird facing significant threats due to power lines in Rajasthan.

[2014] The most important strategy for the conservation of biodiversity together with traditional human life is the establishment of:

(a) biosphere reserves

(b) botanical gardens

(d) wildlife sanctuaries