It aimed to popularise the use of
only Punjabi.

“1. Namdhari Movement was
founded by Balak Singh

2. It was an offshoot of Kuka Movement

3. It was modelled on the pattern of Khalsa
Movement founded by Guru Gobind Singh”

Only 19 FRs were mentioned in the
report including equality among men and women.

There were two of them: the Madras
Hindu Social Reforms Association founded by Veresalingam Pantulu (1848-1939) in
1892, and the Madras. Hindu Association founded by Mrs. Annie Besant in 1904.
Pantuluªs Hindu Association was a social purity-movement advocating temperance
and combating the devadasi custom. Besantªs organisation was intended Ïto
promote Hindu social and religious advancement on national lines with the
spirit of Hindu civilization.

Devadasi System was opposed by the Madras
Hindu Social Reform movement.

¢In September 1915, Annie launched
the Home Rule League, modeling demands for India on Irish models.She clearly
gave a signal of fighting for a change. For the first time, India saw a
political party that was to work all year round, unlike the Congress which
croaked once a year.

¢In the next year 1916, Tilak also
reorganized his supporters. When the war was near closing, Bal Gangadhar Tilak,
Annie Besant, Mohammad Ali Jinnah, Joseph Baptista, G. S. Khaparde, Sir S.
Subramania Iyer, all came together under the umbrella of the All India Home
Rule League. The demand was self-government within the British Empire for all
of India.

¢After the Montague declaration in 1917,
Besant had dropped her league but not Tilak.

Lala Lajpat Rai was also associated
with activities of Punjab National Bank and Lakshmi Insurance Company in their
early stages and not Federal bank. Thus statement 1 is incorrect.

[Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lala_Lajpat_Rai%5D

¢ The non-violence was set as the
centerpiece of Individual Satyagraha. This was done by carefully selecting the
Satyagrahis.

¢ The first Satyagrahi selected was Acharya
Vinoba Bhave, who was sent to Jail when he spoke against the war.

¢ Second Satyagrahi was Jawahar Lal Nehru.

¢ Third was Brahma Datt, one of the inmates
of the Gandhiªs Ashram.

They all were sent to jails for violating
the Defense of India Act

The Anarchical and Revolutionary
Crimes Act, 1919, popularly known as the Rowlatt Act, was a legislative act
passed by the Imperial Legislative Council in Delhi on March 18, 1919.

The unpopular legislation provided for
stricter control of the press, arrests without warrant, indefinite detention
without trial, and juryless in camera trials for proscribed political acts.

This act gave a new direction to the
movement. Gandhi organized a mass protest at all India level. By March 23,
1919, the volunteers started courting arrests.

On April 6, 1919, an all India strike was
organized. There was mob violence in Bombay, Ahmadabad and all other major
towns.

The Satyagraha lost momentum with the
Jallianwala Bagh tragedy which happened on April 13, 1919.

The Vernacular Press Act

– The main provisions of Indian
Councils Act 1892 were as follows.

¢ Number of additional members in Imperial
Legislative Councils and the

Provincial Legislative Councils was raised.

¢ Some of these additional members could be
indirectly elected. Thus an element of election was introduced for the first
time.

¢ Budget could be discussed.

¢ Questions could be asked.

But there were certain limitations of these
reforrns.

¢ The officials retained their majority in
the council, thus leaving ineffective the non-official voice.

¢ The ‘reformed’ Imperial Legislative
Council met, during its tenure till 1909, on an average for only thirteen days
in a year, and the number of unofficial Indian members present was only five
out of twentyfour.

¢ The budget could not be voted upon, nor
could any amendments be made to it.

¢ Supplementaries could not be asked, nor
could answers be discussed.

Tikdam: Statement 2 is wrong as British had
not given the provision of direct election to Indians as early as 1892. So, 2
can be eliminated.

– The salt tax,continued to remain in
effect even after the Dandi satyagraha and was repealed only when Jawaharlal
Nehru became the Prime Minister of the Interim Government in 1946. : If we
eliminate statement 3 we will automatically get the answer by elimination
method without even knowing the other 2 state.

[Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_British_salt_tax_in_India%5D

The Tebhaga movement was an
independence campaign initiated in Bengal by the Kisan Sabha in 1946Ò47. At
that time sharecropping peasants or Barghadars had to give half of their
harvest to the owners of the land. The demand of the Tebhaga movement was to
reduce the share given to landlords to one third.

1. It recommended for the appointment
of2. It also recommended for stricter
regulation of Famine.

Provoked by the success of the Indian
National Congress in the Constituent Assembly, the Muslim League launched a
‘direct action’ campaign on Aug. 16, 1946, which resulted in wide spread
communal riots in the country.

Both the organisation were
established to propogate equality between Hindus and Dalit.

Sambad Kaurnudi 1821 Raja Rammohan Roy

Hindu Patriot 1853, Calcutta Girishchandra Ghosh

Annie Besant New India and Commonweal,

Maulana Azad Al Hilal

Mohammad Ali Comrade

– The Report strongly opposed the introduction of Dyarchy at the Centre. Thus statement 3 is incorrect. If we eliminate statement 3 we will automatically get the answer by elimination method without even knowing the other 2 statements.

[Source: Grover and Grover modern India}

-Assam, a powerful agitation was organised against the infamous ‘Cunningham circular’ which forced parents, guardians and students to furnish assurances of good behaviour. This circular imposed a blanket ban on any anti-British and pro-swadeshi activity by students.

More notes:

Cunningham Circular

Cunningham Circular played a very important role in shaping the freedom struggle in Assam. While the entire country was getting ready for the start of the Civil Disobedience Movement in 1930, students in Assam played a key role in the freedom struggle.

To stem the students’ participation in the Civil Disobedience Movement, the ‘Cunning Circular’ was implemented in 1930 by the British. This ruling forbade students from participating in political activities and so, evoked strong response.

Students quit schools in protest and many educational institutions like Kamrup Academy of Guwahati and Sibsagar Vidyapeeth were established.

The Congress session was held at Lahore in 1929 under the presidency of Jawaharlal Nehru. Following decisions were taken:

(i) The Congress declared Poorna Swaraj as its aim.

(ii)It was decided to celebrate 26 January every year as Independence Day.

(iii)It was decided to start the Civil Disobedience Movement to win Poorna Swaraj.

Swaraj as an aim of Congress had been declared much earlier in 1906.

So, 1 is wrong.

-Statement 1 is wrong. GK Gokhale founded the organization Servants of India Society in 1905. The aim of the society was to train national missionaries for the service of India; to promote, by all constitutional means, the, true interests of the Indian people; and to prepare a cadre of selfless workers who were to devote their lives to the cause of the country in a religious spirit.

-The organization Peopleªs of India Society was founded by Lala Lajpat Rai.

-Statement 2 is correct.

Indian Independence Act 1947

1. The British Government accorded formal approval to the Mountbatten Plan by enacting the Indian Independence Act on 18 July 1947

2. The partition of the country into India and Pakistan would come into effect from 15 August 1947.

3. The British Government would transfer all powers to these two Dominions.

4. A Boundary Commission would demarcate the boundaries of the provinces of the Punjab and Bengal

5. The Act provided for the transfer of power to the Constituent Assemblies of the two Dominions, Which will have full authority to frame their respective Constitutions.

6. The Radcliff Boundary Commission drew the boundary line separating India and Pakistan

7. On 15th August 1947 India, and on the 14th August Pakistan came into existence as two independent states.

8. It provided for the governance of India and Pakistan as per the provisions of Government of India Act, 1935 till the new constitutions were framed.

Tikdam: This act transferred powers to the dominions of India and Pakistan. The republics of India and Pakistan were formed only when the constitution is made and not by this act. So, 1 is wrong.