Correct

These movements transfer the mass of rock debris down
the slopes under the direct influence of gravity.

Mass movements are aided by gravity and no geomorphic agent
like running water, glaciers, wind, waves and

currents participate in the process

Source: XI NCERT Fundamentals of Physical Geography

Correct

Statement 3 and 4 are wrong.

The wind erosion landforms are as follows:

-Demoiselles

These are rock pillars which stand as resistant rocks above
soft rocks as a result of differential erosion of hard and soft rocks.

-Zeugen

A table-shaped area of rock found in arid and semi-arid
areas formed when more resistant rock is reduced at a slower rate than

softer rocks around it.

-Yardangs

Ridge of rock, formed by the action of the wind, usually
parallel to the prevailing wind direction.

Yardangs

Ridge of rock, formed by the action of the wind, usually
parallel to the prevailing wind direction.

Source: Savinder Singh’s Physical Geography

Correct

The earth’s surface receives most of its energy in
short wavelengths.

-The energy received by the earth is known as incoming solar
radiation which in short is termed as insolation.

-The variation in the solar output does not have great
effect on daily weather changes on the surface of the earth.

-The amount and the intensity of insolation vary during a
day, in a season and in a year.

Source: Savinder Singh’s Physical Geography

Correct

-Seafloor spreading hypothesis, theory that oceanic
crust forms along submarine mountain zones, known

can easily arrive

at the right answer.

Hence, from the answer options only option a logically
follows.

Correct

Coastline of Submergence Incorrect

Coastline of Submergence

Correct

Some of the important characteristics of tides are as
follows:

¢ In the open
ocean, tidal currents are relatively weak.

¢ The shape of
bays and estuaries along a coastline can also magnify the intensity of tides.

¢ Tidal range
can vary locally according to the configuration of the coast.

Source: Savinder Singh’s Physical Geography

Correct

-Madrid Action Plan was agreed at the 3rd World
Congress of Biosphere Reserves which was held in Madrid in

February 2008.

-It builds on the Seville Strategy and aims to capitalize on
the strategic advantages of the Seville

instruments and raise biosphere reserves to be the principal
internationally-designated areas dedicated to

sustainable development in the 21st century.

-The aim is to streamline the MAB (Men & Biosphere) and
WNBR (World Network of Biosphere Reserves)

activities during 2008Ò2013, the designated period of the
plan.

Source: Savinder Singh’s Physical Geography

Correct

All the statements are correct except EBB.

EBB is technically the period between a high and low tide
when water level is falling.

Source: XI NCERT Fundamentals of Physical Geography

Correct

-Natural Leeves are depositional landforms under
action of running water.

-While incised or entrenched meanders are erosional
landforms but normal meanders fall under the category of depositional forms.

-Other erosional landforms under action of running water are
Pot Holes, Plunge Pools, Paired and Unpaired River Terraces, V shaped valleys,

Gorges and Canyons

Source: XI NCERT Fundamentals of Physical Geography

Correct

-A hot spot is a region within the Earth’s mantle from
which heat rises through the process of convection.

-Hot spot volcanism is unique because it does not occur at
the boundaries of Earth’s tectonic plates, where all other volcanism occurs.

-Hot spots can also develop beneath continents. The
Yellowstone hot spot, for example, has produced a series of volcanic features
that

extend in a northeastern direction. A volcano above a hot
spot does not erupt forever.

-Attached to the tectonic plate below, the volcano moves and
is eventually cut off from the hot spot.

Source: Savinder Singh’s Physical Geography

Tikdam:

This question looks very tricky if you dont know all the technical
details about hotspots. However we

can solve this question using tikdams let us see how.

If you notice the keyword in the statement 2 which says
volcano is active forever and recollecting the image of

Hawaiian Islands it negates that claim. It is a series of
volcanic eruptions and not forever active.

So eliminating satement 2 we can ignore other options in the
answer and Incorrect

-A hot spot is a region within the Earth’s mantle from
which heat rises through the process of convection.

-Hot spot volcanism is unique because it does not occur at
the boundaries of Earth’s tectonic plates, where all other volcanism occurs.

-Hot spots can also develop beneath continents. The
Yellowstone hot spot, for example, has produced a series of volcanic features
that

extend in a northeastern direction. A volcano above a hot
spot does not erupt forever.

-Attached to the tectonic plate below, the volcano moves and
is eventually cut off from the hot spot.

Source: Savinder Singh’s Physical Geography

Tikdam:

This question looks very tricky if you dont know all the technical
details about hotspots. However we

can solve this question using tikdams let us see how.

If you notice the keyword in the statement 2 which says
volcano is active forever and recollecting the image of

Hawaiian Islands it negates that claim. It is a series of
volcanic eruptions and not forever active.

So eliminating satement 2 we can ignore other options in the
answer and

Correct

The effect of running water as a geomrophic agent
divides drainage basins and are likewise lowered until they are almost

completely flattened leaving finally, a lowland of faint
relief with some low resistant remnants called monadnocks standing out here and

there.

This type of plain forming as a result of stream erosion is
called a peneplain (an almost plain).

Source: XI NCERT Fundamentals of Physical Geography

Correct

The periodical phenomenon of alternate rise and fall in the sea-level, once or twice a day is called a tide. This is mainly due to the gravitational attraction of the sun and the moon.

These vertical movements of water are different from movements of ocean water caused by meteorological effects like the winds and atmospheric pressure changes.The water movements which are caused by the meteorological effects as mentioned above are called as surges. They are not regular like tides.

Source: XI NCERT Fundamentals of Physical Geography

Correct

-Alfred WegenerÓa German meteorologist – put forth Ïcontinental drift theory in 1912. According to Wegener

all the continents (Not some) formed a single continental mass, a mega ocean surrounded by the same.

The supercontinent was named PANGAEA, which meant all earth. The mega-ocean was called PANTHALASSA,

meaning all water.

-He argued that, around 200 million years ago, the super continent, Pangaea, began to split. Pangaea first broke into two large

continental masses as Laurasia and Gondwanaland forming the northern and southern components respectively.

-Wegener suggested that the movement responsible for the drifting of the continents was caused by

pole-fleeing force (relates to the rotation of the earth) and tidal force (due to the attraction of the moon and

the sun that develops tides in oceanic waters)

Source: XI NCERT Fundamentals of Physical Geography

Tikdam:

This question looks very trick since it requires you to know minor details of CDT.However by using Tikdam we can solve this question with just

knowing statement 2. Let us see how

If you observe closely the keyoword ‘some’ in the statement 2 which logically doesnt justify being one of the features of CBT. Even if you recollect

the diagram of older earth maps faintly of all the continents together then this statement can be eliminated easily. So, If you eliminate the statement 2,

you don’t have to even read other statements. You easily arrive at the right answer logically eliminating statement 2.

Hence, from the answer options only option a is right.

Correct

Tropical cyclones originate and intensify over warm tropical oceans.

The conditions favourable for the formation and intensification of tropical storms are:

(i) Large sea surface with temperature higher than 27¡ C

(ii) Presence of the Coriolis force

(iii) Small variations in the vertical wind speed

(iv) A pre-existing weak low- pressure area or low-level-cyclonic circulation

(v) Upper divergence above the sea level system.

Source: XI NCERT Fundamentals of Physical Geography

Tikdam:

This question looks very tricky and difficult if you dont know all the technical details about tropical cyclones.

However, we can solve this question using tikdams using statement 2, let us see how.

If you would recollect tropical cyclones frequently occur during october due to intense heating of ocean water.

This implies you need high SST of 27 degrees for tropical cyclones to originate. Thus statement 2 can’t be

incorrect. Hence, eliminating statement 2, the only other option which can be incorrect is option a which is

the right answer. We could arrive at the right answer without even knowing or having to read the other details.

Correct

Abyssal plains:

-Deep sea planes are gently sloping areas of the ocean basins.

-These plains are covered with fine-grained sediments like clay and silt.

Seamount:

-It is a mountain with pointed summits, rising from the seafloor that does not reach the surface of the ocean.

-Seamounts are volcanic in origin. These can be 3,000-4,500 m tall.

Continental Rise:

-The continental slope gradually loses its steepness with depth.

-When the slope reaches a level of between 0.5¡ and 1¡, it is referred to as the continental rise.

-With increasing depth the rise becomes virtually flat and merges with the abyssal plain, hence the transition between slope and

abyssal plains.

Source: Certificate Physical and human Geography by Goen Che Leong

Tikdam:

This question is tricky for non science students since the technical details of ocean relief are involved.

However, with tikdams we can solve this question. Let us see how.

If we focus on the last statement and the trap word ‘ touching the surface’ , we can easily eliminate this pair

as the wrongly matched one. Sea mount is a under sea mountain which doesn’t cross the surface of the ocean.

From this we can easily arrive at ‘option a’ as the correct answer without knowing anything about abyssal plains.

Correct

Colombia Plateau: This plateau has been formed as the result of volcanic eruptions with a consequent coating of basalt lava (Flood Basalt Plateau).

Colorado Plateau and Bolivian Plateu: These plateaus are examples of intermontane plateaus. Colorado lies to western part of U.S.A. It is the largest plateau in America.

Volcanic plateau : A volcanic plateau is formed by numerous small volcanic eruptions that slowly build up over time, forming a plateau from the resulting lava flows.The Columbia Plateau in the northwestern United States of America and Deccan Traps are two such plateaus.

Patagonian Plateau: It is a Piedmont plateau (Arid Landforms) lying in southern part of Argentina.It is a rain shadow desert plateau. It is an important region for sheep rearing.

Source: Savinder Singh’s Physical Geography

Correct

Caldera

These are the most explosive but not the largest of the earth’s volcanoes. They are usually so explosive that when they erupt they tend to collapse on themselves rather than building any tall structure. The collapsed depressions are called calderas.

Shield Volcanoes

Barring the basalt flows, the shield volcanoes are the largest of all the volcanoes on the earth. The Hawaiian volcanoes are the most famous examples. These volcanoes are mostly made up of basalt, a type of lava that is very fluid when erupted.

Source: XI NCERT Fundamentals of Physical Geography

Correct

-The temperature-depth profile for the ocean water shows how the temperature decreases with the increasing depth. The profile shows a

boundary region between the surface waters of the ocean and the deeper layers.

-The boundary usually begins around 100 – 400 m below the sea surface and extends several hundred of m downward.This boundary region, from where there is a rapid decrease of temperature, is called the thermocline.

-About 90 per cent of the total volume of water is found below the thermocline in the deep ocean. In this zone, temperatures approach 0¡ C.

-The second layer called the thermocline layer lies below the first layer and is characterised by rapid decrease in temperature with increasing depth. The thermocline is 500 -1,000 m thick.

Source: XI NCERT Fundamentals of Physical Geography

Correct

Waves are actually the energy, not the water as such, which moves across the ocean surface.Water particles only travel in a small circle as a wave passes. Wind provides energy to the waves. Wind causes waves to travel in the ocean and the energy is released on shorelines.

A wave’s size and shape reveal its origin. Steep waves are fairly young ones and are probably formed by local wind. Slow and steady waves originate from far away places, possibly from another hemisphere.

The maximum wave height is determined by the strength of the wind, i.e. how long it blows and the area over which it blows in a single direction.

Source: XI NCERT Fundamentals of Physical Geography

Correct

-The first four planets are called Terrestrial, meaning earth-like as they are made up of rock and metals, and have relatively high densities. The rest five are called Jovian or Gas Giant planets.

-Jovian means Jupiter-like. Most of them are much larger than the terrestrial planets and have thick atmosphere, mostly of helium and hydrogen.

Source: XI NCERT Fundamentals of Physical Geography